Health according to WHO

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health is defined as:

“a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

This definition, adopted by the WHO in 1948, emphasizes a holistic approach to health that encompasses several key dimensions:

Key Dimensions of Health According to WHO:

1. Physical Health:
   • Involves the proper functioning of the body’s systems and organs.
   • Encompasses factors like nutrition, physical activity, sleep, and the absence of illness or injury.
   • Measurable through indicators such as body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and other biomarkers.
2. Mental Health:
   • Involves emotional and psychological well-being.
   • Includes the ability to manage stress, maintain relationships, and cope with life’s challenges.
   • Measured by factors such as mental status exams, psychological assessments, and levels of stress and anxiety.
3. Social Health:
   • Involves the ability to form satisfying interpersonal relationships and adapt to social situations.
   • Includes support networks, community involvement, and social interactions.
   • Indicators include social support systems, community engagement, and quality of relationships.

Expanded Perspectives on Health:

1. Holistic Health:
   • Health is viewed as a balance of physical, mental, and social factors.
   • Emphasizes the interconnectedness of different aspects of health and well-being.
2. Public Health:
   • Focuses on the health of populations and communities.
   • Involves disease prevention, health education, and the promotion of healthy lifestyles.
3. Environmental Health:
   • Considers how the environment impacts health.
   • Includes factors like clean air and water, safe housing, and healthy workplaces.
4. Spiritual Health:
   • A sense of purpose and meaning in life.
   • May involve religious beliefs, values, and practices.
5. Intellectual Health:
   • Engaging in mentally stimulating activities and continuous learning.
   • Involves curiosity, creativity, and critical thinking.

Determinants of Health According to WHO:

1. Biological Factors:
   • Genetics, age, sex, and other biological factors can influence health.
2. Behavioral Factors:
   • Lifestyle choices such as diet, physical activity, substance use, and sleep.
3. Social and Economic Factors:
   • Socioeconomic status, education, employment, and social support networks.
4. Environmental Factors:
   • Living conditions, work environment, pollution, and climate.
5. Healthcare Access and Quality:
   • Availability and quality of healthcare services, health insurance, and healthcare infrastructure.
6. Psychological Factors:
   • Stress, mental health, and emotional well-being.
7. Cultural and Societal Influences:
   • Cultural attitudes, public policies, and societal norms.

Conclusion

The WHO’s definition of health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being provides a comprehensive framework for understanding health. It emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach that goes beyond the mere absence of disease and considers a wide range of factors that contribute to overall well-being. This definition encourages a broad perspective on health that includes prevention, promotion, and holistic care, aligning with the principles of integrative and public health.